Grammar

Phonology

Romanization is represented by bold letters and the default IPA values are given between slashes.

Consonants

	Labial	Alveolar	Postalveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal	m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	p /p/ b /b/	t /t/ d /d/			k /k/ g /g/
Affricate			ch /t͡ʃ/ j /d͡ʒ/
Fricative	f /f/ v /v/	s /s/	sh /ʃ/			h /h/
Approximant		r /ɹ/ l /l/		y /j/

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/ ī /iː/		u /u/ ū /uː/
Open		a /a/ ā /aː/

Stress

Primary stress falls on the penultimate syllable if it is closed or contains a long vowel.
Otherwise it falls on the antepenultimate syllable.
In bisyllabic words, stress always falls on the first syllable.

Nominal morphology

The nominal suffixes differ depending on whether the word stem ends with a consonant or a vowel.

	Consonantal declination		Vocalic declination
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-Ø	-a	-Ø	-a
Vocative	-i	-a	-i	-a
Genitive	-am	-ama	-m	-ma
Accusative	-ar	-ara	-r	-ra
Dative	-un	-una	-n	-na
Locative	-im	-ima	-im	-ima
Ablative	-ur	-ura	-ur	-ura
Intrumental	-ir	-ira	-ir	-ira

Verbal morphology

	Indicative		Subjunctive
	Aorist	Future	Aorist	Future
First person singular	-ar	-ari	-ur	-uri
Second person singular	-an	-ani	-un	-uni
Third person singular	-am	-ay	-um	-vi
First person plural	-ara	-aray	-ura	-uray
Second person plural	-ana	-anay	-una	-unay
Third person plural	-ama	-amay	-uma	-umay

Personal pronouns

	Nominative	Possesive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Comitative
First person singular	ari	arim	arir	arin	irim	alur	alir
Second person singular	ana	anam	anar	anan	anim	anur	anir
Third person singular	yam	ayam	ayar	ayan	ayim	ayur	ayir
First person plural	ara	rama	lara	rana	rima	lura	lira
Second person plural	ena	enma	enra	nana	inma	unra	inra
Third person plural	yama	ama	yara	yana	ima	ura	ira

Personal pronouns are only used for animates. For inanimates, demonstratives are used.

Demonstrative pronouns

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental
Singular	uyam	vayam	vayar	vayan	vayim	vayur	vayir
Plural	uyama	vama	uyara	uyana	vima	ūra	vira

Interrogative/relative pronouns

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Ablative	Instrumental
Singular	iyam	yam	yar	yan	yim	yur	yir
Plural	iyama	yama	iyara	iyana	yima	iyura	yira

Syntax

Word order is generally subject-object-verb.
An indirect object follows the direct object.
Exceptions can be made for emphasis or in poetry.
Adjectives, genitives, derterminers and relative clauses follow the modified noun, while adverbs precede the verb.
Honorifics precede a name.